The Simpsons Television Show as a Pop Culture Icon Essay

The definition of the typical American family has changed considerably over time. Ever since the age of television dawned on American culture, situation comedies have tried to portray the typical American family in an attempt to reach as many viewers as possible. In the 1950s, there was Leave It to Beaver which represented a generic view of the American family during its time. There was a father whose responsibility was to financially support the family and be a role model for his children. There was a mother whose job was that of a typical housewife, taking care of the home and caring for the children. And there were the children who had no responsibilities, except to respect their parents and listen to their advice when†¦show more content†¦The show was all but ignored by the older viewing public, who discounted it as a trashy cartoon. The consumption (Delingpole) of the program and its messages by the American public when the show first aired regularly was drastical ly different than what it is now and what the writers of the show intended. On face value alone, The Simpsons is not much more than a cartoon about a middle-class family and their ridiculous escapades. But when examined more closely and with a more objective eye ? consumed as the show?s writers would intend ? one can see that The Simpsons is truly a comment on American society. The Simpsons basis, a father, a mother, and three kids, is far from unusual. The typical American is a blue-collar worker not unlike the father, Homer, who works a mindless job at the local nuclear power plant in the Simpsons hometown of Springfield which is basically Anytown, USA. Marge, the mother, is a fairly typical housewife besides her large blue beehive hairdo. Bart, is the rebellious older son; Lisa, the under-appreciated middle child; and Maggie, the adorable baby. The Simpsons dont live in luxury, but they are a generally happy family that encounters the problems of everyday, and not-so-everyday, life, something that millions can relate to. But there is something that sets The Simpsons apart from theShow MoreRelatedPostmodernism And Its Impact On Modern Culture Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesPostmodernism has many different definitions as it has a range of contexts, but when thinking about television it can be defined as a â€Å"renewed appreciation for popular cult ure that often remixes other art works and pop culture in order to create something new† (Suto, 2013). Collins (1992) agrees with this and says it was a significant cultural movement that developed in the 20th century following the modernism period, where there was a â€Å"move away from abstraction and geometrics to the overly familiarRead MorePostmodernism and the Simpsons10775 Words   |  44 PagesHugvà ­sindadeild Postmodernism and The Simpsons Intertextuality, Hyperreality and Critique of Metanarratives Ritgerà ° til B.A.-prà ³fs Bjà ¶rn Erlingur Flà ³ki Bjà ¶rnsson bjornfloki@gmail.com Kt. 110982-5779 Maà ­ 2006 Abstract This essay offers a postmodernist reading of the popular television program The Simpsons, with special regard to the postmodern theories of intertexuality, hyperreality, and metanarratives. Before delving into The Simpsons, some major theoretical aspects of postmodernism in aestheticRead MoreSexualization of Children through the Media Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pagesmovies/television shows, magazines, clothing, computer games, toys, the music industry and of course the internet. Children are influenced by media–they learn by observing, imitating, and making behaviors their own (APA, 2001, p.1224). Girl’s as young as 4-years sees Britney Spears music clip â€Å"Baby One More Time†, who at the time was a 17-year old girl/world pop icon at the time wearing a school uniform showing off her midriff, wearing a lot of makeup and a short skirt. Disney teen icons suchRead MoreEssay on Creating Suckers for Consumption: MTV and Pop Culture1393 Words   |  6 PagesIt would be hard for one to dispute the fact that MTV has influenced every pop culture trend since its birth in 1981. One could even say that MTV is pop culture. 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Separation of Church and State Essay - 583 Words

Separation of Church and State â€Å"Separation of Church and State,† is a theory derived from different parts of the constitution; primarily the first and fourteenth amendment. The first amendment states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting and establishment or religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof....† The first amendment says that there can not be any laws against anyone’s individual religion. How far can we take this though? There are circumstances when you don’t want the government to intervene with your personal beliefs but is it sometimes necessary? What if there was a Satanist who believed in killing all other races. If the government was to punish them, wouldn’t that be suppressing their religious†¦show more content†¦If the government made laws about religion, our country would turn back to where it fled from. Prayer in school was legal until the late 1960’s, that’s a mere 40 years ago. Back then, schools would lead each morning with a Christian prayer. The students were required to say it, and no one would ever contest it because protesting against this right would categorize you as a lowerclass outcast. Everyone, well everyone worth mentioning, was white and Christian anyway so what did it matter? Eventually, there was no room for this sort of suppression with so many different types of people and religions. The public couldn’t take it anymore and prayer in school was finally ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the case of Engel v. Vitale in 1968. Same sex marriage is the present day segregation. If you think about it, it is ridiculous that only 40 years ago did African Americans finally get the same rights as whites. Even then, there was still so much hostility. I can’t even think that my Grandma lived in a time like that. I’m hoping by the time I become 40 gays will have the same rights as everyone else. My children will probably think the same thing about me as I thought of my Grandma. â€Å"You lived in a time when people thought that that sort of behavior was ok?† I don’t understand how people can think that this doesn’t cross the line between church and state.Show MoreRelatedSeparation Of Church And State1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthe separation of church and state still necessary in the overall legal and social aspects of a modern society such as the United States? Research and history show that maintaining the church separate from the government is important for the ongo ing success of a free and well functioning society. Separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. 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The question of what needs to be changed and where religion falls in all of this are alwaysRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe separation between church and state is a debate that continues to grow with tension as the culture of America rapidly polarizes. A long-standing claim that America was founded on Christian doctrine is a common argument in favor of the church and state to remain tog ether, yet the most commonly used metaphor explaining what the â€Å"Separation of Church and State† contextually means in today’s terms is simply that government and religion should not coincide with one another in any capacity. Evidence

Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes Free Essays

Introduction Sustainability in construction is a common issue today, ranging from sustainable design to sustainable technologies. These issues have made the United Kingdom’s Government push forward for alternative advances in various technologies and renewable energies. The government are also looking for any other strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions because the scientific evidence shows that the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions are growing rapidly in UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to 47% of the national energy consumption that is used by the UK homes and domestic buildings regardless of when lighting, appliances and buildings are energy efficient as well as having zero carbon technologies are installed. Due to the higher rate of energy consumption that homes in United Kingdom’s generate, the government came out with an idea that, all newly built homes in England and Wales should be built to zero carbon by 2016. By progressively tightening the energy efficiency building regulations by 25% in 2010; and by 44% by 2013 leading up to the zero carbon target in 2016. Aim and Objective The aim and objective of this project is to design a three bedroom family house that will achieve code level 6 zero carbon footprint. This can be done by using a sustainable and eco friendly materials. Research will also carried out on current zero carbon homes project and also looking into the past project that has already achieved code level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Climate Change The word of climate change is one of the biggest threats to the global environment especially to the developed country like UK. It needs an urgent and radical response if we want to secure and enhanced our prosperity and quality of life. The uses of fossil fuel (oil, coal and gas) for energy and transport has already damage our climate and as a result of this, the climate change is already having impact on our live and is expected to destroy the live hoods of many people in the developing world as well as ecosystem and species, The research carried out shows that greenhouse gasses is the main contributors to the climate change and the government are committed to reduce the production of greenhouse gasses particular on carbon dioxide. In November 2008, the climate change act became law this is because the government want to reduce carbon dioxide emission CO2 by a minimum of 26% by the year 2020 with a long time goal of 80% reduction by 2050. The scientific evidence shows that 47% of carbon dioxide emission CO2 in the UK come from the energy used in our house and other domestic building e.g. hospital, school and offices. In other to eliminate carbon emissions from the built environment by 2050, we need to start making our building as energy efficient as possible and using on site renewable energy, community scale renewable and decarbonisation of the grid. The UK government has done a lot in other to achieve the commitment of the climate change Act by introducing mandatory energy performance certificate for sale and purchase of new and existing homes, The government banned incandescent light bulbs in favour of energy saving light bulb, introducing the climate change level where businesses must pay additional tax on their use that is non renewable energy and by passing energy act 2008 which introduce measure such as the feed in tariff, smart metering, renewable heat incentive and carbon capture storage. The government even went as far as introducing the renewable obligation whereby all electricity suppliers must provide 10% of the electricity they sell from renewable sources. The issue of the climate change is behind why we arrived on the sustainable development. Sustainable Development Sustainable development has become generally accepted as planning goals in UK, which was defined by Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions London (2000) as; â€Å"The simple initiative of ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come† The intention of the definitions is to achieve social, economic and environmental objectives and at the same time given us more inclusive society by which the benefit of increased economic prosperity are widely shared, with less pollution and more efficient use of natural resources. The key objective of achieving the sustainable development is as follow; The sensible use of natural resources The effective protection of the environment Maintaining high levels of economic growth and employment Social progress that recognises the needs of everyone The sustainable development is a serious matter because need for growth is becoming huge as ever especially in a developing world. At this point of time, the environments are struggling to cope with the current levels of consumptions, e.g. Energy Consumption which is having huge impact on the climate change. The government has to come out with a new way of meeting people’s need, prospect and aspiration to ensure that our economy, society and environment grow and develop in harmony. We should also know that, the design and construction of a building play major role in contributing to the sustainable development. The issues of sustainable development lead us to the sustainable design which concentrates on how individual or groups of building complies with the objective of sustainable development. This is by ensuring that the sustainable designs are; The construction of buildings should minimises the amount of resources they use, including energy, waste and pollution The materials used for construction should be environmentally and eco friendly The existing built fabric should be re-used as far as possible Buildings are energy efficient The issue of sustainable design usually focus on long term benefit rather than short term saving reason is that, sustainable building will cost less to build and has smaller impact on the environment in terms of natural resources that are used during the construction. Literature Review Scope of the Chapter This chapter explains what zero carbon homes is also the sustainable principle and sustainable codes. All relevant building regulations especially Part L 2006 will be looking at in other to accomplish the aim of the project. Analysing case study on the previous project that already achieved code level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Conclusion Research will be on case studies, materials and design of past projects will be discussed and at a later date incorporated it into proposed three bedrooms family house. The discussion on how the building will achieve code level 6 will on be considered in the chapter and the consumption of energy that the house use will also be detailed. How to cite Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes, Essay examples

Mobile Computing Systems and Applications †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Mobile Computing Systems and Applications. Answer: Introduction: The Headspace is known to be popular organization in Australia that deals with the mental illness of the youth. The project of Headspace has been considering the cloud-based solutions that have been required to get investigated. The report has considered the aspects of cloud-based solutions like the data ownership including the data ownership and other related aspects. The report has effectively demonstrated the non-functional requirements. The report then reviews the various cloud-based solutions. At last, it undergoes through the SDLC approach. The different innovative applications are found to be failing vigorously in the market. The reason behind this is that they have not been satisfying the NFR or the non-functional requirements sufficiently (de la Torre-Dez et al., 2015). Various users active concurrently have been able to access through the partitioning of the user session moving parallel to each other. The time of response has been created by the removal of performance congestion. These have been occurring in the database and the storage usage. The requirements of the service are faced by including the new devices. These devices have been able of the fast and high volume logging of the events (Gray Rumpe, 2016). Despite all this, in that scenario, scopes have been present for the architects to control the NFRs that have been more challenging. The various non-functional necessities are described below. The NFRs are persistent as their qualities are considered. They are visited repeatedly as the element of the DoD or the Definition of Done. This is for all the program increment, release, and iteration. They have been present at all the SAFe backlog platforms. For example, this includes the team, program, bigger solutions and portfolio. The task is to generate the POS terminal system. Moreover, it has been also found to be interfacing with numerous services such as the inventory control and tax controller (Helo et al., 2014). The system of Headspace is needed to be tolerant towards the faults. The Headspace should also the user experience. This must be more than just only delivering the user interface that they have been assuming to appropriate. The implementation of the effective interface and interaction has been becoming difficult for providing SaaS (Abolfazli et al., 2014). The various NFR constraints are required to be included in the system of the information technology. They are namely the business constraints, run-time qualities and non-runtime qualities. These quality attributes are the factors impacting the user experience, system design and the behavior at run-time. Further, they have been denoting the spaces regarding the solutions to acquire large effect across the layers and tiers (Rodrigues et al., 2013). The Comparison on various attributes as per the functional and non-functional requirements: This one is the first attribute denoting the important features of the produces familiar under the business domain for the developed solution. They have been basically technically oriented. Instead of the functional requirements, in the NFR, the application interfaces are developed including the user and the user. This is the cause they have been intuitive in usage and have been able to be localized (Al-Somali Baghabra, 2016). Moreover, accesses for the various disabled users are provided here. It has been also supplying the impactful user experience. It is regarded as the ability of the system to continue the operation in an expected manner within time. It is calculated as the probability of the system. This is intended not to fail and then perform the tasks intended. The responsiveness of the system is included in the performance. This is done to execute the specific tasks in any specific time gap (Sivakumar et al., 2014). Regarding the NFRs it has been calculated as per as the latency and the throughput. This is the systems capability to reduce the malicious and accidental activity scopes that have been staying externally to the developed system. It prevents the disclosure or loss of data. The system security has been safeguarding the resources. It has been resisting the unauthorized access to modify any data. The substantial capital costs have been able to save the in-house storage. This indicates the of the application and server necessities. Then the lack of the on-premise system eradicates the operating costs. This has been in the form of air-conditioning, administrative costs, and the power. This indicates that the cloud-computing is more reliable and consistent. This has been with the managed service platform (Wang et al., 2014). Thus, the Headspace has been able to receive the benefits from the huge resources of IT. The cloud services deliver the simple and maintenance to develop the management and the maintenance abilities of the IT through the core administration. Storing of the crucial files is always prone to risks. For instance, the architecture has been multi-tenant (Khan et al., 2015). This indicates that the various users could be hosted on the same server. The idea to switch to the cloud services has not developed completely though the providers assure that the cloud is flexible enough in integrating and usage. Thus the Headspace might find that difficult to switch their services from the various kinds of vendors. Keeping the overall data secure: It has been found that the consumers have been moving towards the cloud service. Hence the understanding of the standards is vital. It includes the roles of the entities and maintains the trust of the patients. To supply the foundation to identify the problems, the fundamental study of the HIPAA and HITECH is needed to be considered (Ryan, 2013). This has been incorporating the laws, rules, and regulations. The act has been including the data control, integrity, availability, and access. Moreover, there have been implications regarding the multitenant environments. Neglecting the various intricacies of the complex set of rules, laws, and regulations is the motive of HIPAA Act. Here the privacy and the security are used as the buzzwords rather than taking into consideration the nuances included to the HIPAA and HITECH. In this way, there has been obscuring of the compliance value (Church Goscinski, 2014). Here the special standards of the security and privacy ate consisted for the specific information of health. This has been identified as the HIPAA Privacy Rule and Security Rule. The Act has been highly applicable to the rules. There are done to the entities covered. It includes the healthcare, providers and health plans. The HITECH Act has been required to the secretary to expand the Security and Privacy rules of HIPAA. It raises the penalties for violating the act. In this act, the security and privacy are applied in a wide way to the business associates (Babu, Lakshmi Rao, 2015). They have been defined as the entities or individuals doing specific tasks that have been including the use of PHI. The Business Agreements or BA delivers various services like the processing, review of utilization, data analysis and many more. Further, the providers have been storing the PHI representing the entity that has been covered directly. This could also take place indirectly through other business administration. The relevant SDLC Approach: One of the best examples of this SDLC method is the Waterfall Model. It has been including the set of series of phases. They have been flowing in various definable steps. These steps are basically demonstrated as the necessities (Taleb, 2014). These necessities are captured in the business and software. This has been also including the constructing, debussing, software, business, installation and maintenance. There have been various popular examples of the method. They are the XP or the Extreme Programming and the Scrum. Both of them have been referred to as agile. This agile method is defined as those following the Agile Manifesto (Inayat et al., 2017). They have been the collection of core principles. These principles have been giving support to the overall iterative development. This has been making interactions on the processes and tools along with providing valuation to the people. This has been the software working on various comprehensive documentations. Moreover, it has been also incorporating the customer collaboration. This is done on the contract reacting. This also includes the negotiating to the alterations to follow the plans. The recommendation to the SDLC approach for the Headspace project: Regarding this project, the Adaptive SDLC is decided to be the most appropriate. The primary cause is that it has been meeting the customer satisfaction. This has been via quick delivery of the useful software. This working software is provided very frequently. It has been the fundamental measure for the project development. It has been also welcoming the late changes in the necessities. Moreover, they have been shutting down the regular operation between the business individuals and the development. There has been direct communication with the best kind of communication (Inayat et al., 2017). The Headspace project is created around the motivated people that could be believed. A continuous focus has been present on the good design and the technical design. Additionally, it has been easy. Conclusion: Thus the report has effectively analyzed the various contexts of the cloud system that might be deployed to the Headspace project. In this study the FURPS acronym has been used as the reference. This includes the functionalities, usability, reliability, performance, and security. The report has effectively compared the attributes and analyzed their suitability. It has also helped in differentiating between the gathered tools and connecting to the project of Headspace properly. It has reviewed the cloud-based solutions according to the strengths and weaknesses. The strengths include the cost savings, manageability and so on. The weaknesses are the downtime, security and much more. The study has helped in learning to measure and make justifications on the system model necessities in analyzing the provided cases. In order to keep the data secure, the HIPAA and HITECH are briefly introduced. The different approaches like the predictive and the adaptive SDLC are discussed here. At last, t he report has recommended the Adaptive or Agile system to be the most appropriate as the SDLC of the project is considered. References: Abolfazli, S., Sanaei, Z., Ahmed, E., Gani, A., Buyya, R. (2014). Cloud-based augmentation for mobile devices: motivation, taxonomies, and open challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(1), 337-368. Al-Somali, S., Baghabra, H. (2016). Investigating the Determinants of IT Professionals' Intention to Use Cloud-Based Applications and Solutions: An Extension of the Technology Acceptance.International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing (IJCAC),6(3), 45-62. Babu, S. M., Lakshmi, A. J., Rao, B. T. (2015, April). A study on cloud based Internet of Things: CloudIoT. InCommunication Technologies (GCCT), 2015 Global Conference on(pp. 60-65). IEEE. Church, P. C., Goscinski, A. M. (2014). A survey of cloud-based service computing solutions for mammalian genomics.IEEE Transactions on Services Computing,7(4), 726-740. de la Torre-Dez, I., Lopez-Coronado, M., Soto, B. G. Z., Mendez-Zorrilla, A. (2015). Secure Cloud-Based Solutions for Different eHealth Services in Spanish Rural Health Centers.Journal of medical Internet research,17(7). Gray, J., Rumpe, B. (2016). The evolution of model editors: browser-and cloud-based solutions. Helo, P., Suorsa, M., Hao, Y., Anussornnitisarn, P. (2014). Toward a cloud-based manufacturing execution system for distributed manufacturing.Computers in Industry,65(4), 646-656. Inayat, Z., Gani, A., Anuar, N. B., Anwar, S., Khan, M. K. (2017). Cloud-Based Intrusion Detection and Response System: Open Research Issues, and Solutions.Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,42(2), 399-423. Khan, Z., Anjum, A., Soomro, K., Tahir, M. A. (2015). Towards cloud based big data analytics for smart future cities.Journal of Cloud Computing,4(1), 2. Rodrigues, J. J., De La Torre, I., Fernndez, G., Lpez-Coronado, M. (2013). Analysis of the security and privacy requirements of cloud-based electronic health records systems.Journal of medical Internet research,15(8). Ryan, M. D. (2013). Cloud computing security: The scientific challenge, and a survey of solutions.Journal of Systems and Software,86(9), 2263-2268. Sivakumar, A., Gopalakrishnan, V., Lee, S., Rao, S., Sen, S., Spatscheck, O. (2014, February). Cloud is not a silver bullet: A case study of cloud-based mobile browsing. InProceedings of the 15th Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications(p. 21). ACM. Taleb, T. (2014). Toward carrier cloud: Potential, challenges, and solutions.IEEE Wireless Communications,21(3), 80-91. Wang, L., Wang, X. V., Gao, L., Vncza, J. (2014). A cloud-based approach for WEEE remanufacturing.CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,63(1), 409-412.

Euthanasia Essays (4602 words) - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics

Euthanasia The Right to Choose The main issues of euthanasia are maintaining the status of illegality, legalizing the procedure, and regulating the procedure. The controversy of euthanasia involves moral, ethical, and legal concerns. In this country, according to a survey reported in the Journal of American Medical Association, nearly 63 percent of Americans favor legalizing physician-assisted suicide, yet most state statutes criminalize it (Stark, np). People fear that if legalized, the choice to die will eventually be taken out of their hands and placed in the hands of people who will choose to kill select people based on their own private criteria. Maybe this is true, but it is doubtful. The issues are more realistic and involve our society's morals and the legal consequences of choice in dying. Currently, the debate involving the practice of euthanasia revolves around moral and legal issues. The moral debate involves religion and other societal beliefs. Everyone has their own morals and values, which is their God-given, inalienable right. In America, our society's morals are based in part on religious beliefs. Most religions, especially Christian religions, feel that taking another's life is wrong and against God's commandments. The Catholic church feels strongly about euthanasia and encourages both the Catholic congregation and United States politicians to maintain the illegal status of euthanasia. The legal debate is a hot issue with both proponents and opponents striving to win. In the United States, the Supreme Court decided to allow individual states to decide what to do about physician-assisted suicide. Currently, only Oregon allows physician-assisted suicide. Several other states are debating over the subject but without success. The main legal argument is whether or not a citizen of the United States has the constitutional right to choose between life and death. As it stands now, the Supreme Court ruled we do not have the constitutional right to choose. One last issue is the financial effect on the person and their family. The surgeries, life support, drugs, doctor's fees and all the other expenses of a terminally ill patient are staggering. For one week in an intensive care unit, the cost could easily soar to $100,000. The cost of letting a person die is close to nothing when compared to the cost of keeping them alive. A solution to the debate over euthanasia is highly anticipated. Maybe one day all the issues can be resolved and the bickering over mercy-killing will end. Of course, on the pessimistic side, the right to die debate might never be concluded. The controversy surrounding euthanasia can only be resolved when the procedure is legalized with mandatory, regulatory guidelines put in place to enable both physicians and individuals to decide the best course of action for themselves without fear. Choice in Dying reminds us that Although the concept of the right to die has interested philosophers since the time of the Greeks, it was not until recently that the issue became a pertinent and widespread social concern. A cancer patient named Robert Dent wrote the following in a letter before he died of an injection that he requested (Australian Man First in World, A5). If I were to keep a pet animal in the same condition I am in, I would be prosecuted. If you disagree with voluntary euthanasia, then don't use it, but don't deny me the right to use it. He requested euthanasia and received it. The word euthanasia is a combination of the Greek prefix Eu, which means good, and thanatos, meaning death. Webster's Dictionary defines it as the act or practice of killing individuals that are hopelessly sick or injured for reasons of mercy. Euthanasia or mercy killing as they more commonly call it, is a highly debated topic that has many aspects. Financial, moral, social, and most important , legal concerns are raised whenever euthanasia is brought up. There were two major cases in the U.S. that pertain to mercy killing that the Supreme court ruled on and one they refused to hear. According to Choice in Dying's Legal Developments web page, the following three legal rulings have recently been issued. In 1996, the Ninth Circuit Court in Compassion in Dying v. Washington and the Second Circuit Court in Quill v. Vacco, ruled that the U.S. Constitution protects the

Air Pollution in the Los Angeles Basin Essay Example

Air Pollution in the Los Angeles Basin Essay Example Air Pollution in the Los Angeles Basin Paper Air Pollution in the Los Angeles Basin Paper 2010). In addition, acid rain will accelerate the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of LASS cultural heritage. On a larger scale, changes in atmosphere composition are contributing to ozone depletion and global climate change. Ozone in the stratosphere protects us from dangerous LIVE radiation, but ozone close to the Earth is toxic to both animals and plants (Apollonian, Hugh, Chorea, camp; Seek-Woo, 201 1). People exposed to ozone develop respiratory symptoms resulting in lose of some lung function. As air levels worsen, ozone will become more abundant in the air we breathe. It is shown that areas of ozone depletion are now roughly two to three times larger than past measurements (Apollonian et al. , 201 1). Holes in the ozone layer will continue to expand with the buildup of air pollutants and will ultimately trigger an increase in global climate change. Los Angles has one of the worst reputations for air pollution, but how does it compare to other cities in the Unites States? There is a prominent correlation between highly populated areas and high air pollution levels. During the late sasss and early 1 asss, immigration in America was extremely high. Immigrants came looking for cheap housing and a job. Most found work in highly industrious areas like New York City, Chicago, and Los Angles. With an abundance Of cheap labor, industries grew and multiplied populating the cities where they were located. Today, unsurprisingly, the cities with the highest populations have the most concerning problems of air pollution. The most populated cities, in ascending order, are New York City, Los Angles, Chicago, Houston, Phoenix, and Philadelphia (Most Populated Cities in US, 2011). However, LA has the most serious ozone problem in the united States (Los Angles; Traffic and Smog, 1994). Many would assume New York City to have the worst air pollution levels, but the colder climate and northern geographic location help to clear out smog and rid the area of lingering pollutants. Although cities like Chicago and Houston have a higher level of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions, researchers conclude the high level of ozone makes LA the city with the worst overall air pollution report in the USA (Quo-Jean teal. , 2010). If LA has the worst air pollution in the USA, how does it compare to other cities around the world? Same as in the US, cities with the highest populations tend to have Geiger levels of chemicals and greenhouse gases in the air. Chow (2004) uses the term megabits as a classification for cities with extremely large populations and correspondingly high pollution levels. LA is classified as a megabits but is ranked twelfth after cities like Tokyo, Mexico City, Iambi, and Shanghai. The article Los Angles; Traffic and Smog (1994) declares Mexico City to be the only city with higher ozone levels than LA. Also, urban European cities experience a greater number of problems with nitrogen oxide, which intensify as you move south. Athens is a main concern in this area (Pearson, 2001). After completion of full air pollution reports, LAs air composition is better than that of eight other megabits. Delhi, India comes in first followed by Kola, India and Jakarta, Indonesia (Chow, 2004). Although many interest groups and people are concerned with the air pollution in LA, the plethora of challenges for improving air quality makes it difficult to take effective action. As made evident in cities around the world, the common factor for places with high pollution is high population. This cites a major challenge for reducing air pollution since LAs population continues to expand. LA has experienced an eleven percent increase in population since 1990 and a five percent increase since 2000 (Los Angles Population Growth Statistics, 2012). If this pattern persists, decreasing the population in LA will not be an adequate solution to fix air quality. Another challenge for reducing air pollution in LA is the lack of public transportation made available to citizens. Los Angles developed with almost no public transportation network. Consequently, the residents must rely on personal motor vehicles for almost all transportation (Los Angles; Traffic and Smog, 1994). The unman to vehicle ratio is over one to one, which is extremely high compared to other places. A majority of chemicals in the LA air are released from motor vehicles as a result. Little usage of public transportation is a key reason why LAs air pollution is worse than other cities with a similar population. The creation Of a new, efficient public transportation network would reduce the need for personal motor vehicles and therefore decrease air pollution. In order to effectively improve air quality, government action would be needed. There have been past attempts to by both national and local governments to jugulate this crisis. The formation of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAMMED) in the early sasss sought to create air pollution controls. After developing a consistent set of regulations for the four-county area, SCAMMED adopted several significant emission-reductions measures, including rules to control man-made dust and reduce nitrogen oxides from power plants by 90% (Fiftieth Anniversary of Smog War, 1997). SCAMMED now monitors air quality at thirty-seven stations distributed throughout the basin (Chow, 2004). The Clean Air Act of 1990 is another government attempt to reduce air elution. The emission controls of the three-tier plan represent the most severe air quality management requirements ever proposed for any city (Los Angles; Traffic and Smog, 1994). The law encourages the use of market- based principles and other innovative approaches, and provides a framework from which alternative clean fuels will be used. The law promotes the use of clean low sulfur coal and natural gas. In addition, an acid rain program that gives utilities flexibility to obtain needed emission reductions Was created to encourage customers to conserve energy (Clean Air Act Amendment, 1990). Overall, the law has caused a decline in ambient concentrations of particulate matter. However, many question its effectiveness since there have been only minimal changes in LAs air composition after twenty years of its implementation. With stronger enforcement of The Clean Air Act of 1 990 and efforts by the SCAMMED, the LA Basin will have a cleaner and clearer future. Development of renewable energy sources and cleaner technology will also contribute to a promising future for LA air quality. Over the past decade or so, tech oenology for the utilization of renewable resources has been materialized and put to use around the world. Southern California alone has dozens of projects in production (Renewable Energy, 2009). The landscape and location of Southern California create an ideal environment for solar and wind farms. Nearby deserts provide flat land and high-intensity sunrays perfect for solar panel technology, while coastal winds can be captured and converted to energy by wind turbines. The growing popularity of hybrid and low-emission vehicles will also help to reduce chemicals in the atmosphere. Recent productions of different hybrid and low-emission vehicle models, like the Ionians Leaf or Chevy Volt, are making these types of vehicles more angle and appealing to the public. Also, the SCAMMED is co-sharing the project cost with a number of industries to develop a way to use H2O instead of gasoline, as well as compare different fueling strategies and H2O production methods (Chow, 2004). With the use of renewable the SCAMMED intends to advance the technology, improve competition, gain experience, and, therefore, reduce the costs to accelerate centralization (Chow, 2004). These exciting advancements in the technology and use of renewable resources provide an approach to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and lessen the amount of greenhouse gases being released into the air. Along with the use of modern technologies, passage of stricter legislation concerning emissions into the environment will help boost the air quality in LA. Economic instruments such as emission taxes and emission trading Will utilize the power of the market to encourage use of cleaner technology and fuels (Quo-Jean et al. , 2010). A market-based system will produce methods to reduce greenhouse emissions through use of the polluter pays concept (Chow, 2004). Constructing legislation of this kind will force citizens and corporations to cooperate and contribute in the effort to revivalist the atmosphere of the LA Basin. Los Angles plays host to millions of tourist year round coming to visit famous LA attractions, get a taste of Hollywood glamour, or to see the beauty of California. Travelers can find these experiences, however, few anticipate the reality of extremely poor air quality conditions. When in fact, LA has the worst air pollution reports of any city in the country. If citizens cooperate with government policies and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, levels of greenhouse gas emissions in the Los Angles Basin will diminish overtime.

The Duties and Responsibilities of a PFC in the US Army Essay

The Duties and Responsibilities of a PFC in the US Army - Essay Example As a threat and analysis data gatherer there is the added pressure of insuring vital information is passed to the helicopter pilots whom have the responsibility of insuring those soldiers entrusted into their care arrive safely to the allotted destination. In the insurgent ridden, volatile, desert terrain of Afghanistan this is often a challenge that will call for the use of all the training one has received, thus far, plus some. As an Intel analysis PFC solider that is currently employed in Afghanistan it is my duty to pass along information that can ultimately inform helicopter pilots about the threats they may face while flying, through the support and operation of the ground units. I will also report on the threat and terrain analysis techniques that are best employed to spot insurgents and unsafe zones. After looking at what these two jobs entail, as well as the other duties I am often given from superiors, one will have a better understanding of the duties of a PFC in the U.S. Army. There are numerous threats the helicopter pilots face while flying the Afghani terrain. One important source of help they can rely on while on mission is the ground team support. This is where my duties become vital. After several missions many pilots become immune to the sound of artillery, it can be heard so often, and in many cases it will not be directed at them. However, the ground crew’s responsibility is to watch where the shots are coming from and at whom they are directed. We then pass on any vital information we have gathered to the TOC who then report it on to the pilots. Lt. Joe Harosky, second platoon commander, was in one such situation while flying a mission in Afghanistan. He reported: â€Å"We had initially thought it wasnt directed at us or a company. So I just kept walking in a normal speed, thinking hey, the firing is on the other side of a mountaintop or ridge. After a few minutes — maybe not — maybe after a minute, five different bursts and I